دسترسی به آموزش عالی در بیشتر کشورها به طور قابل توجهی افزایش یافته است اما این فرصت ها در بسیاری از موارد به طور مساوی بین گروه های مختلف توزیع نشده است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، تحلیل پیامدهای سیاست بومی گزینی در کنکور سراسری و نقش آن در بازتولید نابرابری دسترسی عادلانه به فرصت های آموزشی است. روش پژوهش توصیفی- تحلیلی است. داده های پژوهش مبتنی بر آمارهایی است که سازمان های مرتبط با جمعیت و پذیرش دانشجو جمع آوری و منتشر کرده است که با روش تحلیل ثانویه، تحلیل شده است. در این روش، داده های از آمار و اطلاعات منتشرشده توسط سازمان های مرتبط با موضوع جمع آوری شدند و بر اساس اهداف تحقیق مجدداً مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافته های پژوهش حاکی از آن است که سیاست بومی گزینی در افزایش احتمال دسترسی استان های محروم ناموفق بوده و استان هایی که در طول 5 سال مطالعه این تحقیق، بیشترین و کمترین شانس دسترسی را داشتند، بدون تغییر جایگاه خود را حفظ کرده اند. همچنین در بسیاری از استان ها، سطح علمی داوطلبان عامل تعیین کننده ای در پذیرش آن ها نیست. در کنکور سراسری سال 1395 رتبه علمی داوطلبان استان کردستان و استان گیلان به ترتیب 10 و 22 است و رتبه آنها در پذیرش نهایی به ترتیب به 27 و6 تغییر یافته است. سرانجام، سیاست بومی گزینی در سه رشته پرطرفدار پزشکی در کنکور سراسری 1401 نه تنها منجر به توزیع عادلانه فرصت ها نشده است بلکه نابرابری را به طور قابل توجهی بازتولید کرده است چنان چه در برخی موارد، احتمال پذیرش داوطلبان بومی در استان های خود، هشت برابر داوطلبان بومی استان­ های دیگر است.

The importance of female heads of households in providing the basic needs of household members on the one hand and the limitations they face in most socio-economic fields have made it necessary to pay attention to the issues of female heads of households in most societies including our country. The purpose of this study is to use the systematic review method to review and evaluate the policy proposals that have been proposed in Iran for women heads of households. A total of 296 articles and 5 reports were identified. In the review and eligibility phase, the total number of selected texts was considered to be 79 texts, of which 62 studies used the quantitative method and 17 studies used the qualitative method. Based on the studies that proposed policy proposals, the characteristics of female heads of the household, the axes of vulnerability, the evaluation of policies and proposals were determined. The findings showed that more policy proposals were made based on the characteristics of low literacy, being unemployed, and being middle-aged. Based on the axes of vulnerability, women heads of households are more vulnerable psychologically and socially than they are materially vulnerable in many cases. The evaluation of policies for women heads of households showed that the most interventions for the empowerment of women heads of households were focused on the economic field and were mainly pursued in the form of financial payments and did not pay enough attention to other aspects of women's empowerment, while the empowerment of women heads of households was successful when It is expected to simultaneously pay attention to their mental health and improve their social and economic status.

Purpose: Managers are one of the important elements of an organization, for this reason, in order to draw the future of the organization, it is necessary for the planners to specify the conditions of their selection and appointment. Therefore, the current research has been done with the aim of identifying and analyzing the components of selecting future principals.Method: In this research, comparative and benchmarking method is used as a prospective approach. This approach is based on the belief that today's advanced organizations/countries can be considered as a model for the future of another organization/countries in their respective subjects. For this, first, the fields of comparison and benchmarking were determined using Brody's four-step comparison method; then the countries of Canada, Finland, Australia, South Africa, and Japan were selected according to the qualitative balance value in the international advanced TEAMS test, human development index, life quality index(health, instruction, and welfare), education quality index, and other scientific-scholarly indexes; finally, by extracting the criteria for the selection and appointment of principals through content analysis and comparison with Iran, the proposed framework for Iran has been presented.Findings: A total of 61 components for the selection of secondary school principals were identified from among the studies conducted in the selected countries in this article. By extracting the commonalities and differences of each of the components among the countries, it was found that the highest index of manager selection and appointment belongs to Japan and the lowest one is related to Finland.Conclusion: There are similarities between the components of selection of principals of secondary schools in Iran and selected countries. In Iran, special attention should be paid to important components such as adherence to religious principles, appropriate personality traits, creativity and innovation, motivation to develop capabilities, professional growth, power of supervision and accountability, social image, leader skills, and purposefulness and foresight.

مطالعه کیفی حاضر، با توجه به نقش انکارناپذیر زنان عشایر کوچنده ایل کلهر در زمینه پرورش دام، با هدف شناسایی دانش بومی این زنان تولیدکننده در به گزینی دام انجام پذیرفت. حوزه جغرافیایی پژوهش شهرستان گیلان غرب در استان کرمانشاه بود. برای گردآوری داده ها از فنونی همچون «ارزیابی مشارکتی روستایی»، مصاحبه عمیق و گروه های متمرکز استفاده شد. با توجه به طبیعت تحقیق کیفی، روش نمونه گیری هدفمند انتخاب شد، و تجزیه و تحلیل داده های گرداوری شده نیز با بهره گیری از روش تحلیل محتوا صورت گرفت. یافته ها بیانگر وجود سازوکارهایی مناسب مانند شیوه های شناسایی دام ها، عوامل محرک و محدودکننده بلوغ جنسی، شیوه مشخص کردن دام های حذفی، و نیز معیارهای به گزینی از سوی دامداران کوچنده است، که توجه بدین دانش زمان ازموده را اجتناب ناپذیر می نماید.

قارچ ‍ Trichoderma reesei یک میکروارگانیسم سلولولتیک می باشد که به منظور تولید آنزیمهای سلولازی تحت شرایط تخمیر غوطه ور مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. در این تحقیق، بعد از چندین مرحله جهش با موتاژن شیمیایی NTG و موتاژن فیزیکی uv، از مجموع 6500 کلونی بررسی شده از این قارچ، یک سویه سلولولیتیک کارآمد به نام 2: 6A به دست آمد که حداکثر میزان تولید آنزیم اگزوکلوکاناز توسط این سویه در روز چهارمU/ml  1.26 (130 درصد بیشتر از تیپ وحشی) و حداکثر میزان تولید آنزیم اندوگلوکاناز در روز چهارم 0.82 U/ml (156 درصد بیشتر از تیپ وحشی) بود.

Multi-label classification aims at assigning more than one label to each instance. Many real-world multi-label classification tasks are high dimensional, leading to reduced performance of traditional classifiers. Feature selection is a common approach to tackle this issue by choosing prominent features. Multi-label feature selection is an NP-hard approach, and so far, some swarm intelligence-based strategies and have been proposed to find a near optimal solution within a reasonable time. In this paper, a hybrid intelligence algorithm based on the binary algorithm of particle swarm optimization and a novel local search strategy has been proposed to select a set of prominent features. To this aim, features are divided into two categories based on the extension rate and the relationship between the output and the local search strategy to increase the convergence speed. The first group features have more similarity to class and less similarity to other features, and the second is redundant and less relevant features. Accordingly, a local operator is added to the particle swarm optimization algorithm to reduce redundant features and keep relevant ones among each solution. The aim of this operator leads to enhance the convergence speed of the proposed algorithm compared to other algorithms presented in this field. Evaluation of the proposed solution and the proposed statistical test shows that the proposed approach improves different classification criteria of multi-label classification and outperforms other methods in most cases. Also in cases where achieving higher accuracy is more important than time, it is more appropriate to use this method.